Gene Cloning And Bacterial Transformation - 1118 Words

Introduction: In this lab, gene cloning and bacterial transformation was conducted. Bacteria are single celled microorganisms. They are simple in structure and have no nucleus with linear chromosomes. Bacteria are essential to life, and reproduction of other bacteria which helps play a role in decomposition of organic matter and the cycling of elements such as nitrogen and carbon, which are elements necessary to live. Due to this, plants and animals can use nitrogen to create nucleic acids along with amino acids, which are the essential building blocks of DNA. They also help break down food in the digestive system, which allows us to obtain the nutrients we need, and bacteria helps develop our immune system to fight other illnesses that†¦show more content†¦The bacterium being observed was E. coli, which codes for green fluorescent protein. E. coli is a bacterium that normally lives in the intestines of humans and animals alike, and can cause infection. One hopes to observe a glow from a green fluorescent protein (GFP) which is typically made by a jellyfish. This will be made possible by the additional presence of arabinose, which acts as the inducing agent. The inducing agent influences the transcription of the GFP and activates the transcriptional promoters. A promoter allows a foreign gene to fall into place much easier resulting in gene expression. It is expected that the combination of the plasmid, with the Lysogeny Broth (LB) and the arabinose (ARB) will transform the bacteria, and allow for growth of the bacteria in the presence of the antibiotic ampicillin (AMP) along with an observable glow under ultraviolet (UV) light. Hypothesis: †¢ The Agar plate with the LB/AMP/ARB in the +pGLO will be the only plate to display growth and a glow when compared to the other agar plates. Materials: †¢ Water bath set at 42 degrees Celsius †¢ Pipette tips †¢ Micropipetter (P20) †¢ 50 mM CaCl2 solution †¢ pGLO plasmid †¢ Sterile loop †¢ Competent E. coli HB101 †¢ 37-degree incubator †¢ Sterile LB agar plates (LB, LB/amp, and LB/amp/ara) †¢ Sterile transfer pipette Methods: 1. After labeling each of the tubes, 250 mL of CaCl2 was added to all the tubes andShow MoreRelatedAbstract. Taq Polymerase Is Essential In Polymerase Chain1446 Words   |  6 Pagesamplification of an unknown gene. The unknown gene is then ligated into a vector plasmid, which is placed in a bacterium Escherichia Coli to transform and multiply. Ultimately, identification and characterization of the unknown gene is done using electrophoreses and gel imaging. Cloning techniques such as the one performed have been used for many years to isolate genes from a variety of species. Isolation of unknown genes serves many purposes. Nucleic acid sequence of the unknown gene can be derived whichRead MoreEssay On Mutation1657 Words   |  7 Pagesthey often produce stop codons. These stop codons generate shorten, non-functioning proteins (Text 208). With these mutations in mind how would the insertion of three nucleotide sequences in a gene compare to the insertion of a single nucleotide? The insertion of a single nucleotide can affect a gene sequence in a more deleterious fashion, his is because it generates frameshifts mutations in the reading frame. These mutations are ones that often produce stop codons, putting a halt to the creationRead MoreThe Community of Microorganisms that Reside in the Epithelia of Humans1034 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a large number of species of microbes found on the human body. This bacterial organism are found in the skin, mouth, or nose. This lab consisted of the collection of skin bacterial organisms and amplification of the 16s rRNA to construct a small molecular phylogeny of the human body microbiome, or the community of microorganisms that reside in the epithelia of humans. This information could only be acquired through processes such as DNA extraction, amplification of specific genetic targetRead MoreGene Regulation For Safety Assessment946 Words   |  4 PagesGene Regulation for Safety Assessment: In addition to the mph gene, few gene regulations are implemented as safety assessment for the product. In the recombination process of making this product, Ecoli plasmid has been used as a vector to insert mph gene into host bacteria. We use a plasmid vector from E.coli that has conserved sequence for Plac promoter and gef suicide gene. Plac promoter is positioned upstream of mph gene to regulate its expression. Later, Plac promoter will be activated by inductionRead MoreThe Use Of Transformation As Becoming Increasingly Popular Used By Genetic Engineers1027 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The use of transformation is becoming increasingly popular in use by genetic engineers to bring new genetic material into a wide range of life forms. In bacterial transformation, DNA (whether plasmid or chromosomal) is taken from a contributor cell to a beneficiary cell as a section of exposed DNA. The giver cells should first be lysed to allow the release of the DNA. After discharge from the contributor cell, huge chromosomal DNA is effectively separated into smaller parts of exposedRead MoreThe Creation of Synthetic Life Forms1216 Words   |  5 Pagesthe production of an artificial autonomous self-replicating organism under in-vitro conditions from biochemicals. Synthetic life experiments and creation of synthetic cells gives us an unparalleled insight into the origin of life, the fundamental genes and essential genetic functions required for life and may someday allow the manipulation of the roles of cells and organisms to benefit humanity and the environment. Advancements into synthetic life remain a controversial topic among today’s leadersRead MoreThe General Properties Of Restriction Enzymes Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pagessingle-stranded ends called a blunt cut, example by Eco RV, as shown below. Any DNA molecule, from viral to human, contains restriction-enzyme target sites purely by chance and therefore may be cut into defined fragments of a size suitable for cloning. Thus, if two different DNA molecules are cut with the same restriction enzyme, both will produce fragments with the same complementary sticky ends. The single-stranded overhang from one fragment can be joined with any other fragment of DNA, includingRead MoreSubcloning Of Fungal CDNA From PBK Lab1878 Words   |  27 PagespUC19 using fungal gene CIH    Introduction A plasmid is a circular, double stranded DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome DNA within a cell.pUC19 is one of the most commonly plasmid cloning vector used due to its high copy replication number (approx. 100 copies per cell), ampR (ampicillin resistance gene) andterminal fragment of ÃŽ ² -galactosidase (lac Z). It is circular double stranded and it has 2686 base pair length from which 54 are multiple cloning sites polylinker thatRead MoreLab Partners : Sage Gibson And Vanessa Song1491 Words   |  6 PagesUndergrad TA: Haley linnet burdge Bio 118-A60 November 10, 2015 Genetic Transformation Introduction There were two parts of this lab and part 1 was; Transforming E. coli with the pGreen plasmid and Part 2; PCR and Electrophoresis. For this lab, a genetic transformation procedure was performed to introduce a plasmid to another cell and when the cell reproduces it will make a new copy of the plasmid. And genetic transformation is a process whereby genetic materials that are carried by individual cellsRead MoreMolecular Genetics 16s Lab Report Essay2106 Words   |  9 PagesMolecular Genetics 16s Lab Report Abstract A highly conserved gene will be used to identify a prokaryotic species isolated from the body. Fundamental lab techniques will be also explored and utilized, such as amplifying using PCR, cloning, and transforming the gene into a host cell. DNA electrophoresis and specific substrate plating will serve as analysis check points. The final product will be sequenced and compared to similar species to observe phylogenetic relationships. Intro

Old Testament Of The Christian Faith - 1160 Words

Raymond Tarango Old testament reflection This Old Testament coarse has given me new insight on the origins of the Christian faith. It has given further explanation on stories I only knew vaguely of. I have a clearer view on the stories of the Old Testament. From god flooding the world to the adversity of the Hebrew people. The Old Testament coarse has given me new insight on the way I see the Christian faith. In the Old Testament there are many occurrences when god does the bizarre to get his point across. For instance, The flood that obliterated all life from earth except for one family: â€Å"Behold, I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything†¦show more content†¦And Rahab was saved and accepted by the Israelites why couldn’t the other women and children change and accept god also? I know we don’t have all the answers but its difficult to comprehend god takes harsh actions sometimes. The story of the Hebrew people is pretty amazing they fail over and over again to fulfill god’s wishes but even though they fail got protects them and keeps his promise. The study of the Hebrew people in Old Testament clearly reveals that God has a special place for the people. One verse from Paul from the New Testament now that I have read and studied the old testament is more clear on describing the blessing of the Hebrew people by god and why they are so important , â€Å"Theirs is the adoption as sons; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the law, the temple worship and the promises. Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all, forever praised! Amen† (rom 9:4:5). The summary explains the promises and events that were given to the Jews by god. The Jews were unique people who were created by God to be the waterway of divine revelation to the world. From them would come the prophets, the writers of the Old Testament and Jesus Christ. The Jews were given the Law of Moses,

Feudalism Essay Example For Students

Feudalism Essay Feudalism, contractual system of political and military relationships existing among members of the nobility in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages. (It had nothing to do with blood feuds; the two words came to be spelled alike in the 17th century, but have no etymological relationship.) Feudalism was characterized by the granting of fiefs, chiefly in the form of land and labor, in return for political and military servicesa contract sealed by oaths of homage and fealty (fidelity). The grantor was lord of the grantee, his vassal, but both were free men and social peers, and feudalism must not be confused with seignorialism, the system of relations between the lords and their peasants in the same period. Feudalism joined political and military service with landholding to preserve medieval Europe from disintegrating into myriad independent seigneuries after the fall of the Carolingian Empire. When the German invaders conquered the western Roman Empire in the 5th century, they destroyed the professional Roman army and substituted their own armies, made up of warriors who served their chieftains for honor and booty. The warriors fought on foot and lived off the countryside. As long as they fought one another, they needed no cavalry. But when the Muslims, the Vikings, and the Magyars invaded Europe in the 8th, 9th, and 10th centuries, the Germans found themselves unable to deal with these rapid-moving armies. First, Charles Martel in Gaul, then King Alfred in England, and finally Henry the Fowler of Germany provided horses for some of their soldiers to repel the raids into their lands. It is not certain that these troops fought on horseback, but they could pursue their enemies faster mounted than on foot, and as stirrups were then coming into use, it is probable that cavalry actions began to take place in this same period. They were certainly occurring in the 11th century. W ords/ Pages : 312 / 24

Wordsworth Reveals a Personal Affinity free essay sample

Throughout Wordsworth poems, â€Å"my heart leaps for joy and† I wandered as lonely as a cloud† he displays a very deep, spiritual and emotional connection with nature. The poems are focused on the natural beauty of the ‘rainbow’ and ‘daffodils’. In both poems he reveals a personal affinity with nature. This is evident through the interplay of poetic techniques throughout both poems. Living most of his life in rural England, Wordsworth was very much against the Industrialisation and the French Revolution. These two events had a significant impact on his poetry because of its corrosive effect on the individual, the community and the landscape. He strived to immortalise the lost rural landscape in his poetry and does this through his two poems â€Å"my heart leaps up† and â€Å"I wandered as lonely as a cloud†. ‘I wandered as lonely as a cloud’ reflects the inherit connections between man and nature. Wordsworth uses a variety of figurative language to communicate this idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Wordsworth Reveals a Personal Affinity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hyperbole, visual imagery and personification are important techniques used as they indicate Wordsworth’s love for nature. In the first line of the poem he uses personification in representing himself figuratively as a cloud. Wordsworth then proceeds to personify the daffodils as humans, describing the daffodils as ‘fluttering and dancing in the breeze’ He also personifies the daffodils as a ‘jocund company’, suggesting the flowers have feelings just as humans do. Again, there is the suggestion of unity between man and nature when Wordsworth describes that ‘a poet cannot be gay, in such a jocund company’.

Water Table essays

Water Table essays Many people assume that water is an unlimited natural resource. Is this true? Although water appears abundant, recent circumstances indicate that it is seriously vulnerable to pollution and depletion. Throughout this essay we will examine what ground water is, how it is important in the water cycle, how its contamination can affect us, and what we can do to protect our ground water from contamination. Ground water is the water found in spaces between soil particles and rocks, within cracks of the bedrock. Ground water constitutes approximately 4% of all water in the hydrologic cycle. (Averett, McKnight, 1986) Some ground water can be found beneath the land surface in most of the United States. Because of its availability and general good quality, ground water is widely used for household needs and other purposes. Water can be found beneath the ground almost everywhere. About 97% of the worlds fresh liquid water is ground water. The quality and amount of ground water that is available varies from place to place. Major reservoirs of ground water are referred to as aquifers. Aquifers in some of the provinces extended underground far beyond the areas where they are mapped at or near the land surface. (http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/ch_1/L-text1.html) These aquifers occur in two types of geologic formations. Consolidated formations are those composed of solid rock with ground water found in the cracks. Unconsolidated formations are composed of sand and gravel, cobblestones, or loose earth or soil material. The amount of ground water in an unconsolidated formation varies depending on how closely packed the solid materials are and how fine-grained they are. Sand and gravel, and cobblestone formations are generally high-yield aquifers, whereas, finer-grained earth materials may have low yie lds. Aquifers and aquifer systems can be grouped into three categories, depending on the degree o...

Does your resume pass this key checklist

Does your resume pass this key checklist Life is better with checklists: Highly Organized, Bilingual Administrative AssistantSummary:  This is a short list (or brief paragraph) of the key bullet points that make you most qualified for this particular job. This is a place where you can really tailor the content to the job description, to grab the attention of the reader (or robot reader seeking keywords). You can also use it to highlight your most relevant skills. A summary works best for job seekers who have deep experience or skills in their field.Objective:  This is a short statement letting the reader know your goal(s), coupled with your top-level qualifications. It’s basically a formula: Strong traits + The role you want to fill + Good fit for the company = Objective. The objective works best for people without a lot of experience, or experience in a different field (changing careers).This section sets the tone for the rest of your resume, and can help make the difference between someone reading through the r est of the resume or tossing it aside.The Meat-and-Potatoes Section (Skills and Experience)This is the heart of your resume, so it’s extra important to make sure you’re not leaving anything out. You should include:Your Skills:  Whether you put these before or after your experience (depending on which you want to emphasize for the reader), it’s important to include a standalone section of bullet points describing your relevant skills. Be sure you’re only including the most relevant ones. Your abiding love and talent for playing the tuba may be a huge part of your life, but if it’s not directly relevant to the job for which you’re applying, leave it out.This section should include any applicable hard skills (specific job-related technology or certifications) and soft skills that can be directly applied to the job at hand.Work Experience:  These are separate listings for your most relevant jobs, working backwards through your career. Each w ork experience section should include:Job titleCompany nameDates worked4-6 bullet points outlining your most relevant duties there. As much as possible, describe achievements over simple tasks or responsibilities. You should also be choosy about which jobs you include. If you’ve already held two or three full-time jobs in your career, you can start leaving out part-time jobs or internships that you held in the past. If you need to include a job so it doesn’t look like you have large gaps, you can do that, but you don’t have to include too much information about your job unless it’s relevant to the one for which you’re currently applying. You can use those instead to highlight particular skills you used/developed.The Education Certifications SectionEducation is one of your best assets in a job search, and you should sing it loud and proud on your resume. Just make sure you’re including the most relevant education information, moving back in reverse order. If applicable, you should include:Professional training programs:  If you’ve completed a non-degree course or training program related to your field, include it here.Professional certifications:  If you have a license or certification in your field, include it here.College, university, or professional training program:  Unless you’re in high school, or you’re specifically asked about it, there’s no need to include information about your high school education here. You also don’t need to include graduation dates if you don’t want to do so- employers are forbidden from asking you about your age, so if you feel like this would be offering too much info, you can just include the school name and the degree you received.The Nice-to-HavesIf you have room after including everything outlined above, then there are some other pieces of info you can include on your resume, if they’re applicable to the job.Volunteer experience :  Are the skills or experience from this volunteer position relevant to the job you’re seeking? If so, include. If not, leave it out.Hobbies:  Again, make sure these are relevant to the job for which you’re applying.The Style ChecklistOnce you’ve got all your core info included in your resume, it’s time to take another pass and see how you’ve done, writing-wise. Is your resume:Saved as a standard document format?  Is your resume saved as an uncommon file extension, or one that most computers will readily recognize (like .doc or .pdf)?A short read?  Brevity is key here. We’ve all heard the â€Å"one page† rule, but if you simply have too much experience for one small page, make sure you haven’t gone overboard, length-wise.Organized in a clear and readable way?  The resume should be laid out in a clear, relatively uncrowded outline, so that the reader can easily follow what’s going on. If you’re seeing ma ssive chunks of narrative text, go back and revise it into more manageable bullets. Margins should be no less than 1 inch all around, for readability. Your font should also be consistent all the way through, easy to read, black, and between 10-12 points.Full of action verbs?  Strong verbs can not only grab interest, they can help you cut down on your overall word count by getting straight to the heart of what you want to say.Customized for the job?  Generic resumes are not fun to read, and a one-size-fits-all behemoth may not get you the interview opportunity you want. Take the time to make sure that your skills and experience especially are directly relevant to the job/company for which you’re applying.Proofread?  This one is non-negotiable. No matter how eagle-eyed you may be, we all miss small mistakes in our own writing occasionally. Find a trusted friend or family member to check your resume for mistakes.Taking the time to check these elements help ensure that your final product ends up looking just as smooth and professional as you are.The Un-ChecklistIf you have any of these things on your resume, time to take them out. You should not include:Pictures or visual elements:  Unless you’re doing a portfolio or a visual resume, don’t illustrate your basic resume. And you definitely don’t need to include a picture of yourself.Lies:  Just don’t do it! If anyone questions you or catches you in a falsehood, I don’t think you need me to tell you that it would not be good for your hiring prospects for this job.References:  If the hiring process gets to the point where you need to provide references, you’ll be asked for them. There’s no need to include them upfront and take up valuable space on your resume.References to age, gender, or family status  This information really isn’t necessary, and could introduce potential discriminatory elements, even though employers are forbidden from aski ng you about them.So†¦there you have it, your checklist for building a full and successful resume. Does your resume check all the right boxes?

Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science - Essay Example This burning of the wick and gaseous wax is an example of a chemical change. Thus, a chemical change (or chemical reaction) is a change in which one kind of matter is changed into a different type of matter. Some other examples of chemical changes include the rusting of your car, setting your shoe on fire or digesting food. All of these materials combine chemically with another material , and cannot be separated by any physical means. A physical change is a change in the form of matter but not in its identity. The dissolving of one thing into another thing is an illustrative. For instance, dissolving sugar into water. The water and the sugar retain their chemical identities and can be separated by physical means. One more example - ice melting to water. Ice and water are both H20. The identity of the matter is not changed, just the state that it is in. Remember: a physical change is when no new chemical substance is formed. As it has already been mentioned, a chemical reaction occurs when two or more chemical substances are mixed together and change into new substances. For this to happen, the bonds between atoms and molecules must break up and then re-form in different ways. Because the bonds can be strong, energy (usually in the form of heat), is often needed to start a reaction. The new substances (products) have different properties from those of the original substances (reactants). Remember: when a new chemical substance is produced, the change is known as a chemical change. This does not mean that new elements have been made. In order to make new elements, the nuclear contents must change, but there are magnitudes of difference in the amounts of energy in ordinary chemical reactions compared to nuclear reactions. The alchemists, in their efforts to change less expensive metals to gold, did not have the fundamental understanding of what they were attempting to do to appreciate the difference. What happens to matter when it undergoes chemical changes According to the law of conservation of mass, atoms are neither created, nor destroyed, during any chemical reaction. Thus, the same collection of atoms is present after a reaction as before the reaction. The changes that occur during a reaction just involve the rearrangement of atoms (Chemtutor, 2003; Gallagher, 2001). Chemical reactions are represented on paper by chemical equations. For example, hydrogen gas (H2) can react (burn) with oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H20). The chemical equation for this reaction is written as: The '+' is read as 'reacts with' and the arrow means 'produces'. The chemical formulas on the left represent the starting substances, called reactants. The substances produced by the reaction are shown on the right, and are called products. The numbers in front of the formulas are called coefficients (the number '1' is usually omitted). Because atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a reaction, a chemical equation must have an equal number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow (i.e. the equation is said to be 'balanced'). Here are some more examples of chemical reactions with the corresponding chemical equations: a silver spoon tarnishes. The silver reacts with sulfur in the air to make silver sulfide, the black material we call tarnish: 2