Drugs and Homeostasis

1. ) clinical falloff is the most frequently encountered rational illness. Clinical imprint is now considered a corporeal condition in which there is a fault in the nous chemistry. It whitethorn afflict up to 5% or more of the population. Symptoms of mental picture include a distinct change in liking accompanied with an extreme feeling of hopelessness. some other symptoms include exit of appetite free weight detriment headaches sleeplessness loss of vigor and tiredness. Symptoms of anxiety argon withal preferably common. Suicide is common in some 15% of depressed patients. Bipolar turnover is to a fault known as frantic mental picture.It affects ab forbidden 5 in gee people. It is characterized by foul mood swings ranging from heat to depression, with normal periods in between. During a frenetic phase, the exclusive whitethorn think that they atomic number 18 invincible, be confine recklessly or conceive in delusions such as ones of fame. During the depre ssive phase, the individual loses interest in their usual activities, may sleep excessively or fulfil from insomnia. They may exchangeablewise be at risk of suicide during the depressive stage. Schizophrenia includes perplexity of thought patterns, disturbance of affective reactions and autism or withdrawal.Secondary symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. These symptoms all even up a loss of contact with reality. 2. ) alcoholic drink is probably the most commonly ill-treat drug in society. Of all mistreated drugs, it is presently the only one considered juristic upon comer of age. It has been a large bulge of our culture for many years and is of ten dollar billtimes associated with social break aways and celebrations. However, alcohol spend in spades has its dark side. It is known to alter personalities and driving people to behave in bearing outside their normal personalities.A darkness of abusing alcohol weed make it embarrassment and regre t once the ca use have worn off. Poor judgment temporary hookup drinking alcohol wad lead to making deadly decisions such as drunk driving. Also, people have handle alcohol to the extent they vomit in their sleep and choke to death. marijuana is tetrahydro preemptnabinol (THC) works by binding to CB1 receptors fix on presynaptic membranes in the mas statusind. These receptors function in blunting imposition. THC as well as display cases the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine which elevates mood and controls muscle movements.It has the ability of alter the user to block out pain, foiling or confusion. In high concentrations tail fount hallucinations, anxiety, depression, and psychotic symptoms. Smoking marihuana mickle cause lung lotcer, sinusitis, and bronchitis. It increases the take of snow monoxide in the channel which, in turn, reduces the keep down of oxygen reaching the cheek. Long precondition use terminate import in impaired speech memory loss difficulty in understanding difficult ideas insomnia impaired visual perception and infertility. cocain Cocaine is derived from the plant Erthoxylon coca and idler be inhaled, smoked or injected.It pull up stakess in a feeling of euphoria followed by depression. Cocaine acts by first impact the release of norepinephrine and dopamine and in higher dosages the release of serotonin. Cocaine consequently interferes with the re-uptake of these neurotransmitters and these neurotransmitters build up in the synapse. Prolonged use leave alone cause the consistency to produce less dopamine and the user will motivation more cocaine. Side effects include mental impairment, convulsions, hallucinations, stroke, tender meansedness attack and death. Heroin is a highly habit-forming derivative of morphine.It is commonly injected but can in addition be snorted or smoked. It operates by binding to ophioid receptors in the brain in which natural chemic substance endorphins argon invo lved in the moderation of pain. Prolonged use can cause less endorphin production. Side effects include depressed respiration impaired coordination and fall tolerance to pain long status effects can include collapsed veins infections of heart valves and liver disease. Death can result from overdose. Rohypnol is a drug associated with spirt parties and comes from the benzodiazepine family.It is considered to be the date rape drug and has become famous for its use in committing sexual assault. It is often given to an trustful victim by dissolving it in beverage while they ar unaware. It is comparable to Valium TM but has ten times its strength. In combination with alcohol, it can be deadly. Rohypnol is highly addictive and has severe withdrawal symptoms. Its use can cause deep sedation, respiratory distress, blackouts for up 24 hours, and amnesia. Ecstasy is known as Methylene Dioxy Meth Amphetamine (MDMA) and has highroad names such as X, Rolls, E, Adam, Beans and Buddies.T he initial use of ecstasy results in change magnitude heart rate change magnitude personal line of credit pressure dilation of pupils and bronchi brain comment increased motor activity modify of jaw muscles grinding of jaws overheating sweat heat stroke and dehydration. The long-term use of ecstasy can result in irreparable brain damage. 3. ) Higher doses of house decorator drugs can result in paranoia, depression and violent irrational demeanour. In general, power drugs can create a panoptic range of physical problems such as hypertension uncontrolled tremors total paralysis seizures permanent drain damage and death. . ) Opioids are typically employ to treat pain. They can produce a feeling of euphoria by affecting regions of the brain that modify us to perceive pleasure. However, they can result in physical dependence and addiction. permissiveness of opioids can result in the need to take higher doses to achieve the analogous effect. Withdrawal will cause fidget m uscle and bone pain insomnia looseness of the bowels vomiting cold flashes goose bumps and unconscious leg movements. A large dose can lead to respiratory depression resulting in death. central nervous system Depressants often employ to treat anxiety and sleep disorders by slowing normal brain function. special K CNS depressants include barbiturates and Valium TM. close CNS depressants act on the brain by affecting the neurotransmitter gammaaminobutryic acid (GABA). The function of GABA in the human body is to decrease brain activity. Therefore, increased doses will create the drowsy effect postulate to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Individuals can build a tolerance to CNS depressants over time and require bigger doses. Withdrawals can cause the opposite effects of the drug.The mind can race out of control, possibly resulting in seizures and other problems. Stimulants employ to treat narcolepsy, obesity, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These drugs enhance brain activity and result in increased alertness, energy, elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate and respiration. Examples of stimulants include Ritalin TM and Dexandrine TM. The chemical structure of stimulants is similar to the chemical structure of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Stimulants work by increasing the amount of these neurotransmitters to the brain.An increase in dopamine results in an increase in blood pressure, increase in heart rate, constriction of blood vessels, increase in blood glucose and it opens the pathways of the respiratory system. Stimulants do not result in physical dependence or withdrawal. However, they can be used compulsively and high doses repeatedly can lead to feelings of hostility and paranoia. High doses can cause body temperatures to rise to a dangerously high level. They can withal create an irregular heartbeat star to the risk of cardiovascular failure. There is also the potential of lethal seiz ures.Extensions 1. ) The pros of marijuana are that they are less harmful to use then alcohol, It also reliefs us from pain and reduces spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. It has been shown to help sufferers of severe arthritis. It can be used as an anti epileptic and anti depressant. It is also believed to be less addictive then many prescribed painkillers. The cons of marijuana in the treatment of chronic pain are that It increases the level of carbon monoxide in the blood which, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen reaching the heart.Repeated use tends to lead to the softness to deal with everyday challenges. Long term use can result in impaired speech memory loss difficulty in understanding knotty ideas insomnia impaired visual perception and infertility. cannabis use has also been linked to trim immunity towards disease. 2. ) The cause of manic depression is still uncertain. There appears to be a genetic link and episodes can also be triggered by stress. Chemical chang es are also being studied. Manic behaviour is believed due to a high level of noradrenergic activity.This activity continues until the neurotransmitters system is depleted. It is believed that lithium may prevent mania by preventing noradrenalin depletion. 3. ) Marijuana should be legalized. For one, it is less harmful than alcohol. If they legalized it, it would brook for better regulation and taxation of the drug. It would also save money in lawfulness enforcement. Many grave that prohibition of the drugs like marijuana supports organized crime, others raise concerns around addictions and health problems. There are also concerns that it may be the gateway to the poke fun of more dangerous drugs.